Free PRISMA 2020 Checklist Generator

Title

1. Title
Identify the report as a systematic review.

Abstract

2. Abstract
See the PRISMA 2020 for Abstracts checklist.

Introduction

3. Rationale
Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge.
4. Objectives
Provide an explicit statement of the objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses.

Methods

5. Eligibility criteria
Specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review and how studies were grouped for the syntheses.
6. Information sources
Specify all databases, registers, websites, organisations, reference lists and other sources searched, and date last searched.
7. Search strategy
Present the full search strategies for all databases, registers and websites, including any filters and limits used.
8. Selection process
Specify the methods used to decide whether a study met the inclusion criteria, including how many reviewers screened each record.
9. Data collection process
Specify the methods used to collect data from reports, including how many reviewers collected data from each report.
10a. Data items — outcomes
List and define all outcomes for which data were sought.
10b. Data items — other variables
List and define all other variables for which data were sought (e.g., participant characteristics, funding sources).
11. Study risk of bias assessment
Specify the methods used to assess risk of bias in the included studies.
12. Effect measures
Specify for each outcome the effect measure(s) used in the synthesis or presentation of results.
13a. Synthesis methods — eligibility
Describe the processes used to decide which studies were eligible for each synthesis.
13b. Synthesis methods — preparation
Describe any methods required to prepare the data for presentation or synthesis.
13c. Synthesis methods — tabulation
Describe any methods used to tabulate or visually display results of individual studies and syntheses.
13d. Synthesis methods — statistical
Describe any methods used to synthesize results and provide a rationale for the choice(s).
14. Reporting bias assessment
Describe any methods used to assess risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis.
15. Certainty assessment
Describe any methods used to assess certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for an outcome.

Results

16a. Study selection
Describe the results of the search and selection process, ideally with a flow diagram.
16b. Excluded studies
Cite studies that might appear to meet inclusion criteria but were excluded, and explain why.
17. Study characteristics
Cite each included study and present its characteristics.
18. Risk of bias in studies
Present assessments of risk of bias for each included study.
19. Results of individual studies
Present per-study summary statistics and effect estimates with precision (e.g., confidence interval), ideally using structured tables or plots.
20. Results of syntheses
Present results of all statistical syntheses conducted including summary estimates and measures of precision and heterogeneity.
21. Reporting biases
Present assessments of risk of bias due to missing results for each synthesis assessed.
22. Certainty of evidence
Present assessments of certainty in the body of evidence for each outcome assessed.

Discussion

23a. Discussion — interpretation
Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence.
23b. Discussion — limitations of evidence
Discuss any limitations of the evidence included in the review.
23c. Discussion — limitations of review
Discuss any limitations of the review processes used.
23d. Discussion — implications
Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy and future research.

Other

24a. Registration and protocol — registration
Provide registration information for the review, including the register name and registration number, or state that it was not registered.
24b. Registration and protocol — protocol
Indicate where the review protocol can be accessed, or state that a protocol was not prepared.
24c. Registration and protocol — amendments
Describe and explain any amendments to information provided at registration or in the protocol.
25. Support
Describe sources of financial or non-financial support for the review, and the role of the funders or sponsors.
26. Competing interests
Declare any competing interests of review authors.
27. Availability of data, code and other materials
Report which of the following are publicly available and where they can be found: template data collection forms; data extracted from included studies; data used for all analyses; analytic code; any other materials used in the review.